PROJECT TITLE :

DE-SEP: Distance and Energy Aware Stable Election Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

ABSTRACT:

Sensing technology has undergone a revolution as a result of technological advancements, with the wireless sensor network (WSN) being considered as a major research area in recent times. This is due to the fact that technological advancements have allowed for more efficient transmission of data. Due to the fact that WSN is comprised of multiple sensor nodes that are powered by batteries and have a limited amount of energy, researchers are encouraged to develop an energy-efficient routing protocol in order to increase the lifetime of the network. Through the application of threshold-based cluster head (CH) selection strategies, hierarchical routing protocols have the potential to play a significant part in the improvement of the energy efficiency of the network. In order to guarantee the most effective possible energy conservation, a cluster-based proactive routing protocol called the Distance and Energy Aware Stable Election Routing Protocol (DE-SEP) is suggested as a solution in this article. In this case, the selection of CH takes into account both energy and distance criteria, with the intention of giving selection priority to nodes with relatively higher energy levels and nodes that are geographically close to the base station (BS). In addition, the protocol that has been proposed places a restriction on the number of CHs that can be used. This is done so that an optimal number of CHs can be utilized in order to prevent the formation of clusters that are not necessary and to lower the amount of energy that is used. The results of the simulation show that DE-SEP performs better than the existing baseline protocols, such as P-SEP, M-SEP, and SEP, in terms of a variety of performance matrices, including network lifetime, stability period, half lifetime, throughput, and normalized residual energy. When compared to P-SEP, M-SEP, and SEP, respectively, the performance of the DE-SEP protocol achieves an increase in normalized residual energy that is a maximum of 5%, 41%, and 41% higher than the previous three protocols.