PROJECT TITLE :

IWSN - Standards, Challenges and Future

ABSTRACT:

Wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) are composed of sensors and actuators to perform distributed sensing and actuating tasks. Most WSAN applications (e.g., hearth detection) demand that actuators rapidly reply to observed events. Therefore, real-time (i.e., fast) and fault-tolerant transmission could be a essential requirement in WSANs to enable sensed information to reach actuators reliably and quickly. Due to limited power resources, energy-potency is another crucial requirement. Such needs become formidably difficult in massive-scale WSANs. However, existing WSANs fall short in meeting these needs. To the current end, we 1st theoretically study the Kautz graph for its applicability in WSANs to meet these requirements. We then propose a Kautz-based mostly REal-time, Fault-tolerant and EneRgy-efficient WSAN (REFER). REFER embeds Kautz graphs into the physical topology of a WSAN for real-time communication and connects the Kautz graphs using distributed hash table (DHT) for top scalability. We have a tendency to conjointly theoretically study routing ways in the Kautz graph, based mostly on that we develop an economical fault-tolerant routing protocol. It allows a relay node to quickly and efficiently determine the next shortest path from itself to the destination based only on node IDs upon routing failure, rather than counting on retransmission from the supply. REFER is advantageous over previous Kautz graph primarily based works in that it will not want an energy-consuming protocol to search out the following shortest path and it preserves the consistency between the overlay and physical topology. We any improve routing in REFER by multi-path primarily based routing and energy-efficient multicasting at intervals and between Kautz graph cells, respectively. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of REFER in comparison with existing WSAN systems in terms of real-time communication, energy-efficiency, fault-tolerance and scalability.